Abstract: Cancer, potentially the second leading cause of mortality globally, poses a significant health challenge. The conventional treatment for solid tumors typically involves surgical intervention, followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies. However, cancer recurrence and metastasis remain major issues. Anesthesia is essential for ensuring patient comfort and safety during surgery. Despite its crucial role in surgery, the precise effect of anesthesia on cancer patients' outcomes has not been clearly understood. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate perioperative anesthesia strategies for cancer patients and their potential effects on prognosis. Given the complexity of cancer treatments, understanding the relationship between anesthesia and cancer outcomes is crucial. By examining potential implications of anesthesia strategies for cancer prognosis, this review may help better understand treatment efficacy and risk factors for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Ultimately, a detailed analysis of anesthesia practices in cancer surgery may provide insights to refine existing anesthesia protocols and reduce risk factors for poor patient outcomes.